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		<title>Sustainability Essentials | Futurs.org</title>
		<link>http://blog.futurs.org/index.php</link>
		<description>Sustainability Essentials | Futurs.org | Pierre Mangin</description>
		<language>en-EU</language>
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			<title>Futurist Glen Hiemstra anticipates rich poor gap in 2006</title>
			<link>http://blog.futurs.org/index.php/2011/10/11/futurist-glen-hiemstra-anticipates-rich-2006</link>
			<pubDate>Tue, 11 Oct 2011 13:49:39 +0000</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Pierre</dc:creator>
			<category domain="main">Future Studies</category>
<category domain="alt">People</category>
<category domain="alt">Sustainability</category>
<category domain="alt">Peace</category>			<guid isPermaLink="false">120@http://blog.futurs.org/</guid>
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			<title>Aldous Huxley Visionary 1958 Interview with Mike Wallace</title>
			<link>http://blog.futurs.org/index.php/2010/12/22/aldous-huxley-visionary-1958-interview-w</link>
			<pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 2010 21:13:00 +0000</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Pierre</dc:creator>
			<category domain="alt">Future Studies</category>
<category domain="main">People</category>			<guid isPermaLink="false">117@http://blog.futurs.org/</guid>
						<description>&lt;h3&gt;1/2&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;h3&gt;2/2&lt;/h3&gt;
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>1/2</h3>
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<h3>2/2</h3>
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			<title>Simplicity is the essence of universality</title>
			<link>http://blog.futurs.org/index.php/2010/12/11/simplicity-is-the-essence-of-universalit</link>
			<pubDate>Fri, 10 Dec 2010 23:22:12 +0000</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Pierre</dc:creator>
			<category domain="alt">People</category>
<category domain="alt">Spiritual Traditions</category>
<category domain="alt">Peace</category>
<category domain="main">Pearl of Wisdom</category>
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			<title>The money we use today was created so that rich people could stay rich by being rich rather than doing anything</title>
			<link>http://blog.futurs.org/index.php/2010/03/25/the-money-we-use-today-was-created-so-th</link>
			<pubDate>Thu, 25 Mar 2010 14:01:49 +0000</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Pierre</dc:creator>
			<category domain="alt">Cyberspace</category>
<category domain="main">Future Studies</category>
<category domain="alt">People</category>
<category domain="alt">Sustainability</category>
<category domain="alt">Quote of the Day</category>			<guid isPermaLink="false">113@http://blog.futurs.org/</guid>
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				<item>
			<title>Here Comes Everybody</title>
			<link>http://blog.futurs.org/index.php/2010/03/13/here-comes-everybody</link>
			<pubDate>Sat, 13 Mar 2010 16:17:26 +0000</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Pierre</dc:creator>
			<category domain="main">In the News</category>
<category domain="alt">Future Studies</category>
<category domain="alt">People</category>
<category domain="alt">Sustainability</category>			<guid isPermaLink="false">108@http://blog.futurs.org/</guid>
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&lt;p&gt;pp20-21 [&amp;#8230;] we are living in the middle of a remarkable increase in our ability to share, to cooperate with one another, and to take collective action, all outside the framework of traditional institutions and organizations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p22&lt;br /&gt;
Now that there is competition to traditional institutional forms for getting things done, those institutions will continue to exist, but their purchase on modern life will weaken as novel alternatives for group action arise.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p47&lt;br /&gt;
[&amp;#8230;] prior to the current era, the alternative to institutional action was usually no action. Social tools provide a third alternative: action by loosely structured groups, operating without managerial direction and outside the profit motive. For the last hundred years the big oranizatinal question has been whether any given task was best taken on by the state, directing the effort in a planned way, or by businesses commpeting in a market. This debate was based on the universal and unspoken supposition that people couldn&amp;#8217;t simply self assemble; the choice between markets and managed effort assumed that there was no third alternative. Now there is. Our electronic networks are enabling novel forms of collective action, enabling the creation of collaborative groups that are larger and more distributed than at any other time in history. The scope of work that can be done by noninstitutional groups is a profound challenge to the status quo. The collapse of transaction costs makes it easier for people to get together - so much easier, in fact that it is changing the world.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p122&lt;br /&gt;
And the key to creating those individual actions is to hand as much freedom as possible to the average user. [&amp;#8230;] Never have so many people been so free to say and do so many things with so many other people. The freedom driving mass amateurization removes the technological obstacles to participation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p125&lt;br /&gt;
Fewer than two percent of Wikipedia users ever contribute, yet that is enough to create profound value for millions of users.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p127&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#8230; most participants are below average.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;pp133-134&lt;br /&gt;
There&amp;#8217;s an increasing amount of evidence, in fact, that specific parts of our brain are given over to making economically irrational but socially useful calculations. [&amp;#8230;]relying on nonfinancial motivations may actually make systems more tolerant of variable participation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;pp139-140&lt;br /&gt;
Because Wikipedia is a process, not a product, it replaces guarantees offered by institutions with probabilities supported by process; if enough people care enough about an article to read it, then enough people will care enough to improve it, and over time this will lead to a large enough body of good enough work to begin to take both availability and quality of articles for granted, and to integrate Wikipedia into daily use by millions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p141&lt;br /&gt;
Wikipedia is a Shinto Shrine; it exists not as an edifice but as an act of love.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;pp210-211&lt;br /&gt;
When it is hard to form groups, both potentially good and bad groups are preventing from forming; when it becomes simple to form groups, we get both the good and the bad ones. This is going to force society to shift from simply preventing groups from forming to actively deciding which existing ones to try to oppose, a shift that parallels the publish-then-filter pattern generally. [&amp;#8230;] What are we going to do about the negative effects of freedom?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p220&lt;br /&gt;
As a result, tools that rely on FOAF (friend-of-a-friend) networking work better when they augment human social choices rather than trying to replace them. [&amp;#8230;] Once you&amp;#8217;ve understood this pattern-that a larger network is a sparsely linked group of more densely linked subnetworks-ou can see how it could operate at multiple scales. [&amp;#8230;] Connections in these larger networks are still between individual people, but now those individuals have become even more critical; in fact, the larger the network is, the more important the highly connected individuals are in holding the overall structure together.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p221&lt;br /&gt;
Small World networks operate as both amplifiers and filters of information.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p225&lt;br /&gt;
Perhaps the most significant effect of our new tools, though, lies in the increased leverage they give the most connected people. The tightness of a large social network comes less from increasing the number of connections that the average member of the network can support than from increasing the number of connections that the most connected people can support.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p246&lt;br /&gt;
Open source doesn&amp;#8217;t reduce the likelihood of failure, it reduces the cost of failure; it essentially gets failure for free. [&amp;#8230;] As with mass amateurization of media, open source relies on the &amp;#8220;publish-then-filter&amp;#8221; pattern. In traditionnal organizations, trying anything is expensive, even if just in staff time to discuss the idea, so someone must make some attempt to filter the successes from the failures in advance. In open systems, the cost of trying something is so low that handicapping the likelihood of success is often an unnecessary distraction.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p249&lt;br /&gt;
In the traditional world, the cost of publishing anything creates not just an incentive but a requirement to filter the good from the bad in advance. In the open source world, trying something is often cheaper than making a formal decision about wether to try it.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p254&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#8230; as Bill Joy, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, once put it, &amp;#8220;No matter who you are, most of the smart people work for someone else.&amp;#8221;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p303&lt;br /&gt;
The net value argument is simple - increased flexibility and power for group action will have more goods effects than bad ones, making the current changes, on balance, positive.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p307&lt;br /&gt;
Our principal challenge is not deciding where we want to go, but rather in staying upright as we go there. The invention of tools that facilitate group formation is less like ordinary technological change, and more like an event, something that has already happened. [&amp;#8230;] One of the biggest change in our society is the shift from prevention to reaction.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p318&lt;br /&gt;
Governments and even companies are accustomed to being the target of protests, so as protests coordinated by social media become normal, their effectiveness will fall. A more remarkable and longer-lived change will be in offing, though, if people are able to start using these tools to bypass government or commercial entities in favor of taking on problems directly. If this happens, it will be far bigger challenge to the previous institutional monopoly on large-scale action than anything we have seen to date.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p319&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#8230;the future belongs to those who take the present for granted.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Page numbers are from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/Here-Comes-Everybody-Organizing-Organizations/dp/0143114948/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books&amp;amp;qid=1252872282&amp;amp;sr=8-1&quot;&gt;paperback edition - Publisher: Penguin (Non-Classics); Reprint edition (February 24, 2009)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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<p>pp20-21 [&#8230;] we are living in the middle of a remarkable increase in our ability to share, to cooperate with one another, and to take collective action, all outside the framework of traditional institutions and organizations.</p>

<p>p22<br />
Now that there is competition to traditional institutional forms for getting things done, those institutions will continue to exist, but their purchase on modern life will weaken as novel alternatives for group action arise.</p>

<p>p47<br />
[&#8230;] prior to the current era, the alternative to institutional action was usually no action. Social tools provide a third alternative: action by loosely structured groups, operating without managerial direction and outside the profit motive. For the last hundred years the big oranizatinal question has been whether any given task was best taken on by the state, directing the effort in a planned way, or by businesses commpeting in a market. This debate was based on the universal and unspoken supposition that people couldn&#8217;t simply self assemble; the choice between markets and managed effort assumed that there was no third alternative. Now there is. Our electronic networks are enabling novel forms of collective action, enabling the creation of collaborative groups that are larger and more distributed than at any other time in history. The scope of work that can be done by noninstitutional groups is a profound challenge to the status quo. The collapse of transaction costs makes it easier for people to get together - so much easier, in fact that it is changing the world.</p>

<p>p122<br />
And the key to creating those individual actions is to hand as much freedom as possible to the average user. [&#8230;] Never have so many people been so free to say and do so many things with so many other people. The freedom driving mass amateurization removes the technological obstacles to participation.</p>

<p>p125<br />
Fewer than two percent of Wikipedia users ever contribute, yet that is enough to create profound value for millions of users.</p>

<p>p127<br />
&#8230; most participants are below average.</p>

<p>pp133-134<br />
There&#8217;s an increasing amount of evidence, in fact, that specific parts of our brain are given over to making economically irrational but socially useful calculations. [&#8230;]relying on nonfinancial motivations may actually make systems more tolerant of variable participation.</p>

<p>pp139-140<br />
Because Wikipedia is a process, not a product, it replaces guarantees offered by institutions with probabilities supported by process; if enough people care enough about an article to read it, then enough people will care enough to improve it, and over time this will lead to a large enough body of good enough work to begin to take both availability and quality of articles for granted, and to integrate Wikipedia into daily use by millions.</p>

<p>p141<br />
Wikipedia is a Shinto Shrine; it exists not as an edifice but as an act of love.</p>

<p>pp210-211<br />
When it is hard to form groups, both potentially good and bad groups are preventing from forming; when it becomes simple to form groups, we get both the good and the bad ones. This is going to force society to shift from simply preventing groups from forming to actively deciding which existing ones to try to oppose, a shift that parallels the publish-then-filter pattern generally. [&#8230;] What are we going to do about the negative effects of freedom?</p>

<p>p220<br />
As a result, tools that rely on FOAF (friend-of-a-friend) networking work better when they augment human social choices rather than trying to replace them. [&#8230;] Once you&#8217;ve understood this pattern-that a larger network is a sparsely linked group of more densely linked subnetworks-ou can see how it could operate at multiple scales. [&#8230;] Connections in these larger networks are still between individual people, but now those individuals have become even more critical; in fact, the larger the network is, the more important the highly connected individuals are in holding the overall structure together.</p>

<p>p221<br />
Small World networks operate as both amplifiers and filters of information.</p>

<p>p225<br />
Perhaps the most significant effect of our new tools, though, lies in the increased leverage they give the most connected people. The tightness of a large social network comes less from increasing the number of connections that the average member of the network can support than from increasing the number of connections that the most connected people can support.</p>

<p>p246<br />
Open source doesn&#8217;t reduce the likelihood of failure, it reduces the cost of failure; it essentially gets failure for free. [&#8230;] As with mass amateurization of media, open source relies on the &#8220;publish-then-filter&#8221; pattern. In traditionnal organizations, trying anything is expensive, even if just in staff time to discuss the idea, so someone must make some attempt to filter the successes from the failures in advance. In open systems, the cost of trying something is so low that handicapping the likelihood of success is often an unnecessary distraction.</p>

<p>p249<br />
In the traditional world, the cost of publishing anything creates not just an incentive but a requirement to filter the good from the bad in advance. In the open source world, trying something is often cheaper than making a formal decision about wether to try it.</p>

<p>p254<br />
&#8230; as Bill Joy, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, once put it, &#8220;No matter who you are, most of the smart people work for someone else.&#8221;</p>

<p>p303<br />
The net value argument is simple - increased flexibility and power for group action will have more goods effects than bad ones, making the current changes, on balance, positive.</p>

<p>p307<br />
Our principal challenge is not deciding where we want to go, but rather in staying upright as we go there. The invention of tools that facilitate group formation is less like ordinary technological change, and more like an event, something that has already happened. [&#8230;] One of the biggest change in our society is the shift from prevention to reaction.</p>

<p>p318<br />
Governments and even companies are accustomed to being the target of protests, so as protests coordinated by social media become normal, their effectiveness will fall. A more remarkable and longer-lived change will be in offing, though, if people are able to start using these tools to bypass government or commercial entities in favor of taking on problems directly. If this happens, it will be far bigger challenge to the previous institutional monopoly on large-scale action than anything we have seen to date.</p>

<p>p319<br />
&#8230;the future belongs to those who take the present for granted.</p>

<p><em>Page numbers are from <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Here-Comes-Everybody-Organizing-Organizations/dp/0143114948/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;s=books&amp;qid=1252872282&amp;sr=8-1">paperback edition - Publisher: Penguin (Non-Classics); Reprint edition (February 24, 2009)</a></em></p>
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			<title>...il y a trop de mouvements, pas assez de pri&#232;re</title>
			<link>http://blog.futurs.org/index.php/2010/01/24/il-y-a-trop-de-mouvements-pas-assez-de-p</link>
			<pubDate>Sun, 24 Jan 2010 19:25:33 +0000</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Pierre</dc:creator>
			<category domain="alt">Pens&#233;es</category>
<category domain="alt">People</category>
<category domain="alt">Spiritual Traditions</category>
<category domain="alt">Pearl of Wisdom</category>
<category domain="main">Quote of the Day</category>			<guid isPermaLink="false">112@http://blog.futurs.org/</guid>
						<description>&lt;div class=&quot;image_block&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://blog.futurs.org/media/blogs/futursblog/marthe_robin.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;363&quot; height=&quot;470&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;laquo;&amp;nbsp;Si le monde d&amp;#233;sax&amp;#233; court &amp;#224; la d&amp;#233;rive, c&amp;#8217;est en grande partie parce qu&amp;#8217;il y a trop de mouvements, pas assez de pri&amp;#232;re, trop d&amp;#8217;action et pas assez d&amp;#8217;adoration, trop d&amp;#233;couvres et pas assez de vie int&amp;#233;rieure. Toutes les &amp;#339;uvres ext&amp;#233;rieures, toutes les activit&amp;#233;s ne sont efficaces que dans la mesure o&amp;#249; Dieu en est l&amp;#8217;animateur.&amp;nbsp;&amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Marthe Robin&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;item_footer&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.futurs.org/index.php/2010/01/24/il-y-a-trop-de-mouvements-pas-assez-de-p&quot;&gt;Original post&lt;/a&gt; blogged on &lt;a href=&quot;http://b2evolution.net/&quot;&gt;b2evolution&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="image_block"><img src="http://blog.futurs.org/media/blogs/futursblog/marthe_robin.jpg" alt="" title="" width="363" height="470" /></div><p>&laquo;&nbsp;Si le monde d&#233;sax&#233; court &#224; la d&#233;rive, c&#8217;est en grande partie parce qu&#8217;il y a trop de mouvements, pas assez de pri&#232;re, trop d&#8217;action et pas assez d&#8217;adoration, trop d&#233;couvres et pas assez de vie int&#233;rieure. Toutes les &#339;uvres ext&#233;rieures, toutes les activit&#233;s ne sont efficaces que dans la mesure o&#249; Dieu en est l&#8217;animateur.&nbsp;&raquo;<br />
<br /><br />
Marthe Robin</p>
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			<title>The next Buddha may take the form of a community</title>
			<link>http://blog.futurs.org/index.php/2010/01/18/the-next-buddha-may-take-the-form-of-a-c</link>
			<pubDate>Mon, 18 Jan 2010 13:45:00 +0000</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Pierre</dc:creator>
			<category domain="alt">Collective Intelligence</category>
<category domain="alt">Future Studies</category>
<category domain="alt">Pens&#233;es</category>
<category domain="alt">People</category>
<category domain="alt">Spiritual Traditions</category>
<category domain="main">Quote of the Day</category>			<guid isPermaLink="false">111@http://blog.futurs.org/</guid>
						<description>&lt;div class=&quot;image_block&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://blog.futurs.org/media/blogs/futursblog/Thich_Nhat_Hanh.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;350&quot; height=&quot;527&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#8220;It is possible that the next Buddha will not take the form of an individual. The next Buddha may take the form of a community &amp;#8211; a community practicing understanding and loving kindness, a community practicing mindful living. This may be the most important thing we can do for the survival of the earth.&amp;#8221;&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;p&gt;Thich Nhat Hanh, Vietnamese Buddhist teacher&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;item_footer&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.futurs.org/index.php/2010/01/18/the-next-buddha-may-take-the-form-of-a-c&quot;&gt;Original post&lt;/a&gt; blogged on &lt;a href=&quot;http://b2evolution.net/&quot;&gt;b2evolution&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="image_block"><img src="http://blog.futurs.org/media/blogs/futursblog/Thich_Nhat_Hanh.jpg" alt="" title="" width="350" height="527" /></div><p>&#8220;It is possible that the next Buddha will not take the form of an individual. The next Buddha may take the form of a community &#8211; a community practicing understanding and loving kindness, a community practicing mindful living. This may be the most important thing we can do for the survival of the earth.&#8221;</p>


<p>Thich Nhat Hanh, Vietnamese Buddhist teacher</p>
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			<title>Joaquim Melo, missionnaire, activiste, banquier</title>
			<link>http://blog.futurs.org/index.php/2010/01/11/joaquim-melo-missionnaire-activiste-banq</link>
			<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jan 2010 10:48:38 +0000</pubDate>			<dc:creator>Pierre</dc:creator>
			<category domain="main">People</category>
<category domain="alt">Sustainability</category>			<guid isPermaLink="false">119@http://blog.futurs.org/</guid>
						<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.banquepalmas.fr/&quot;&gt;http://www.banquepalmas.fr/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cet article est la retranscription de notes personnelles prises lors du &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldforum-lille.org/&quot;&gt;Lille World Forum 2009&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;image_block&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://blog.futurs.org/media/blogs/futursblog/joaquim-melo.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;440&quot; height=&quot;260&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Je m&amp;#8217;appelle Joaquim Melo, je viens d&amp;#8217;une Favela de Fortaleza, je suis un leader communautaire.&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;J&amp;#8217;ai cr&amp;#233;&amp;#233; une banque&lt;/strong&gt; - les gens du Ceara sont un peu fous&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;C&amp;#233;ara: 8M d&amp;#8217;habitants dont 1M moins d&amp;#8217;1USD/jour&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Dans les ann&amp;#233;es 70 le maire de Fortaleza nous a expuls&amp;#233; du centre ville vers une d&amp;#233;charge dans le sud de l&amp;#8217;&amp;#233;tat : Palmeiras (25km de Fortaleza)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Pas de sdb, pas de toilettes - op&amp;#233;ration petits sachets que l&amp;#8217;on jette chez les voisins&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Dans les ann&amp;#233;es 80s, on a commenc&amp;#233; &amp;#224; s&amp;#8217;organiser : cr&amp;#232;ches communautaires, associations, maisons d&amp;#8217;acouchement communautaires car pas d&amp;#8217;h&amp;#244;pital de proximit&amp;#233;&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Dans les ann&amp;#233;es 90s, le quartier se construit gr&amp;#226;ce &amp;#224; l&amp;#8217;aide de l&amp;#8217;ensemble de la population : canal de drainage, &amp;#233;gouts, etc. L&amp;#8217;argent provient de diverses origines mais &lt;strong&gt;les travaux sont r&amp;#233;alis&amp;#233;s par les habitants&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Fin 90 : nous nous sommes organis&amp;#233;s, nous sommes un peuple fier, le plus bel endroit du monde, c&amp;#8217;est le &lt;strong&gt;Conjunto Palmeiras&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Le peuple, qui avait construit pendant 20 ans son territoire, a commenc&amp;#233; &amp;#224; ne plus pouvoir habiter son propre quartier &amp;#224; cause de nouvelles taxes fonci&amp;#232;res, imp&amp;#244;ts, factures diverses&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;De plus, lorsque les gens qui commen&amp;#231;aient &amp;#224; avoir des difficult&amp;#233;s se sont mis &amp;#224; vendre leurs maisons&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Que faire? La question que nous nous posions &amp;#233;tait la suivant : Pourquoi sommes-nous pauvres? Et la r&amp;#233;ponse qui semblait &amp;#233;vidente &amp;#233;tait : Parce que nous n&amp;#8217;avons pas d&amp;#8217;argent.&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Mais nous avons d&amp;#233;couvert que c&amp;#8217;&amp;#233;tait faux : &lt;strong&gt;nous &amp;#233;tions pauvres parce que nous perdions l&amp;#8217;argent que nous gagnions&lt;/strong&gt;, parce que d&amp;#232;s notre salaire en poche, nous courrions au centre ville le d&amp;#233;penser, parce que tout ce que nous achetions venait de l&amp;#8217;ext&amp;#233;rieur&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Ayant compris cela, nous avons commenc&amp;#233; &amp;#224; changer&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Nous avons fait un tableau recensant toutes les d&amp;#233;penses que nous faisions - tout venait de l&amp;#8217;ext&amp;#233;rieur du quartier - 1,2M d&amp;#8217;achats = d&amp;#233;penses - nous avions cet argent, mais nous le perdions en le d&amp;#233;pensant &amp;#224; l&amp;#8217;ext&amp;#233;rieur&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Notre d&amp;#233;couverte : &lt;strong&gt;un territoire est pauvre lorsqu&amp;#8217;il perd son &amp;#233;pargne&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;image_block&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://blog.futurs.org/media/blogs/futursblog/BancoPalmas003.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;450&quot; height=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Janvier 1998: nous avons cr&amp;#233;&amp;#233; une banque, la banque Palmas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;D&amp;#8217;o&amp;#249; nous vient l&amp;#8217;argent pour financer la banque? nous avons pris 2.000 reals pour inaugurer la banque, et nous avons imprim&amp;#233; les &lt;strong&gt;premiers ch&amp;#232;quiers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Le lendemain la banque n&amp;#8217;avait d&amp;#233;j&amp;#224; plus de fonds, mais petit &amp;#224; petit les gens ont apport&amp;#233; leurs fonds et l&amp;#8217;argent a commenc&amp;#233; &amp;#224; rentrer&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;La banque permet un contr&amp;#244;le social sur ce que nous achetons&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Notre strat&amp;#233;gie : &lt;strong&gt;pr&amp;#234;ter pour une production ET une consommation LOCALES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Notre communaut&amp;#233; comporte 32.000 habitants - nous produisons et consommons&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nous pr&amp;#234;tons &amp;#224; des entreprises familiales&lt;/strong&gt;. Nous travaillons avec la Banque du Br&amp;#233;sil, dont nous sommes repr&amp;#233;sentants&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Avant de pr&amp;#234;ter, on analyse la situation du quartier, y a-t-il d&amp;#233;j&amp;#224; un producteur dans le quartier? etc. - la personne est-elle honn&amp;#234;te? on demande aux voisins! a-t-elle d&amp;#233;j&amp;#224; travaill&amp;#233; dans la confection? a-t-elle des huissiers? etc. si les voisins &amp;#233;mettent un mauvais avis, le commerce ne pourra pas fonctionner - l&amp;#8217;aval du voisinage est notre &lt;strong&gt;nouveau pacte local&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;!&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;La carte de cr&amp;#233;dit permet de financer les achats de la famille dans le quartier&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Le c&amp;#339;ur du syst&amp;#232;me est notre propre monnaie = palmas&lt;/strong&gt; - pour que la richesse reste dans le quartier (les grandes entreprises, elles, ne redistribuent jamais leurs richesses &amp;#224; leurs clients !)&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Les commer&amp;#231;ants du quartier ont fait un pacte : acheter avec la monnaie locale donne droit &amp;#224; une r&amp;#233;duction - 1 palmas = 1real - Les palmas ne servent qu&amp;#8217;&amp;#224; acheter et vendre = les cycles sont rapides, les palmas circulent - dans le quartier on peut tout acheter, l&amp;#8217;eau, l&amp;#8217;&amp;#233;lectricit&amp;#233;, etc.&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Les habitants peuvent demander un pr&amp;#234;t en palmas, peuvent se faire payer en palmas&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Plus il y a de palmas en circulation, plus l&amp;#8217;&amp;#233;conomie fonctionne dans le quartier&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Nous faisons dans notre quartier notre propre production de v&amp;#234;tements Palma Fashion - VALORISER LA CONSOMMATION LOCALE&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Nous avons d&amp;#233;sormais notre Palmas Fashion Week!&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;image_block&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://blog.futurs.org/media/blogs/futursblog/BancoPalmas017.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;450&quot; height=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Palmas Cuir, Palmas chaussures, Palmas limpe (gamme de nettoyage), poulets, musique, &amp;#233;cole - nous achetons les produits de nos entreprises, c&amp;#8217;est notre force&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Une femme du forum s&amp;#8217;est plainte parce qu&amp;#8217;il n&amp;#8217;y avait pas de bec verseur pour son produit de nettoyage, je lui ai dit, mis&amp;#233;rable tu n&amp;#8217;as qu&amp;#8217;&amp;#224; faire un trou dans le bouchon et tu l&amp;#8217;as ton bec verseur! si tu n&amp;#8217;ach&amp;#232;tes pas chez nous, c&amp;#8217;est toi-m&amp;#234;me que tu voles!&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;Notre nouveau projet, c&amp;#8217;est notre &lt;strong&gt;FIB = Felicidad Interior Brut = calculer notre bonheur int&amp;#233;rieur brut&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;/ul&gt;


&lt;h3&gt;R&amp;#233;ponses au questions du public&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;nous sommes des r&amp;#233;seaux locaux pour minimiser le probl&amp;#232;me de l&amp;#8217;&amp;#233;chelle&lt;br /&gt;
impact sur la violence, sur le contr&amp;#244;le des politiques publiques&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;pour monter une banque, 3 mois pour former l&amp;#8217;institution et 6 mois pour former les gens = 9 mois&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;la banque communautaire n&amp;#8217;est pas une banque de micro-finance qui pr&amp;#234;te et prend des int&amp;#233;r&amp;#234;ts, mais un syst&amp;#232;me int&amp;#233;gr&amp;#233; de pr&amp;#234;t gratuit pour alimenter un circuit vertueux de production et consommation locales&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;la banque du br&amp;#233;sil a accept&amp;#233; nos r&amp;#232;gles, et met &amp;#224; notre disposition le logiciel qui nous permet de faire les contr&amp;#244;les demand&amp;#233;s - pour l&amp;#8217;&amp;#233;pargne, nous travaillons avec la banque du br&amp;#233;sil&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;travailler avec la banque du br&amp;#233;sil n&amp;#8217;est pas obligatoire, ce n&amp;#8217;est pas dans notre ADN&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;la banque centrale du br&amp;#233;sil nous a attaqu&amp;#233; 2 fois pour dire que notre monnaie &amp;#233;tait ill&amp;#233;gale - elle a aujourd&amp;#8217;hui fait son auto-critique et cr&amp;#233;e un cadre l&amp;#233;gal pour d&amp;#233;velopper l&amp;#8217;initiative en tant que technologie sociale efficace&lt;/li&gt;

  &lt;li&gt;nos difficult&amp;#233;s: au d&amp;#233;part les commer&amp;#231;ants n&amp;#8217;y croyaient pas, disaient que c&amp;#8217;&amp;#233;tait des faux, que le gvt allait les attaquer, etc. - la monnaie est en papier et elle se d&amp;#233;chire&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pour en savoir plus&amp;nbsp;: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.banquepalmas.fr/IMG/pdf/Community_Banks_-_Microcredit_The_Case_of_Brazil_.pdf&quot;&gt;la pr&amp;#233;sentation en Portugais&lt;/a&gt; (format PDF) de la pr&amp;#233;sentation de Joaquim.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;item_footer&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.futurs.org/index.php/2010/01/11/joaquim-melo-missionnaire-activiste-banq&quot;&gt;Original post&lt;/a&gt; blogged on &lt;a href=&quot;http://b2evolution.net/&quot;&gt;b2evolution&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.banquepalmas.fr/">http://www.banquepalmas.fr/</a></p><p>Cet article est la retranscription de notes personnelles prises lors du <a href="http://www.worldforum-lille.org/">Lille World Forum 2009</a></p>
<div class="image_block"><img src="http://blog.futurs.org/media/blogs/futursblog/joaquim-melo.jpg" alt="" title="" width="440" height="260" /></div> 
<ul>
  <li>Je m&#8217;appelle Joaquim Melo, je viens d&#8217;une Favela de Fortaleza, je suis un leader communautaire.</li>

  <li><strong>J&#8217;ai cr&#233;&#233; une banque</strong> - les gens du Ceara sont un peu fous</li>

  <li>C&#233;ara: 8M d&#8217;habitants dont 1M moins d&#8217;1USD/jour</li>

  <li>Dans les ann&#233;es 70 le maire de Fortaleza nous a expuls&#233; du centre ville vers une d&#233;charge dans le sud de l&#8217;&#233;tat : Palmeiras (25km de Fortaleza)</li>

  <li>Pas de sdb, pas de toilettes - op&#233;ration petits sachets que l&#8217;on jette chez les voisins</li>

  <li>Dans les ann&#233;es 80s, on a commenc&#233; &#224; s&#8217;organiser : cr&#232;ches communautaires, associations, maisons d&#8217;acouchement communautaires car pas d&#8217;h&#244;pital de proximit&#233;</li>

  <li>Dans les ann&#233;es 90s, le quartier se construit gr&#226;ce &#224; l&#8217;aide de l&#8217;ensemble de la population : canal de drainage, &#233;gouts, etc. L&#8217;argent provient de diverses origines mais <strong>les travaux sont r&#233;alis&#233;s par les habitants</strong></li>

  <li>Fin 90 : nous nous sommes organis&#233;s, nous sommes un peuple fier, le plus bel endroit du monde, c&#8217;est le <strong>Conjunto Palmeiras</strong></li>

  <li>Le peuple, qui avait construit pendant 20 ans son territoire, a commenc&#233; &#224; ne plus pouvoir habiter son propre quartier &#224; cause de nouvelles taxes fonci&#232;res, imp&#244;ts, factures diverses</li>

  <li>De plus, lorsque les gens qui commen&#231;aient &#224; avoir des difficult&#233;s se sont mis &#224; vendre leurs maisons</li>

  <li>Que faire? La question que nous nous posions &#233;tait la suivant : Pourquoi sommes-nous pauvres? Et la r&#233;ponse qui semblait &#233;vidente &#233;tait : Parce que nous n&#8217;avons pas d&#8217;argent.</li>

  <li>Mais nous avons d&#233;couvert que c&#8217;&#233;tait faux : <strong>nous &#233;tions pauvres parce que nous perdions l&#8217;argent que nous gagnions</strong>, parce que d&#232;s notre salaire en poche, nous courrions au centre ville le d&#233;penser, parce que tout ce que nous achetions venait de l&#8217;ext&#233;rieur</li>

  <li>Ayant compris cela, nous avons commenc&#233; &#224; changer</li>

  <li>Nous avons fait un tableau recensant toutes les d&#233;penses que nous faisions - tout venait de l&#8217;ext&#233;rieur du quartier - 1,2M d&#8217;achats = d&#233;penses - nous avions cet argent, mais nous le perdions en le d&#233;pensant &#224; l&#8217;ext&#233;rieur</li>

  <li>Notre d&#233;couverte : <strong>un territoire est pauvre lorsqu&#8217;il perd son &#233;pargne</strong></li>
</ul>
<div class="image_block"><img src="http://blog.futurs.org/media/blogs/futursblog/BancoPalmas003.jpg" alt="" title="" width="450" height="300" /></div> 
<ul>
  <li><strong>Janvier 1998: nous avons cr&#233;&#233; une banque, la banque Palmas</strong></li>

  <li>D&#8217;o&#249; nous vient l&#8217;argent pour financer la banque? nous avons pris 2.000 reals pour inaugurer la banque, et nous avons imprim&#233; les <strong>premiers ch&#232;quiers</strong></li>

  <li>Le lendemain la banque n&#8217;avait d&#233;j&#224; plus de fonds, mais petit &#224; petit les gens ont apport&#233; leurs fonds et l&#8217;argent a commenc&#233; &#224; rentrer</li>

  <li>La banque permet un contr&#244;le social sur ce que nous achetons</li>

  <li>Notre strat&#233;gie : <strong>pr&#234;ter pour une production ET une consommation LOCALES</strong></li>

  <li>Notre communaut&#233; comporte 32.000 habitants - nous produisons et consommons</li>

  <li><strong>Nous pr&#234;tons &#224; des entreprises familiales</strong>. Nous travaillons avec la Banque du Br&#233;sil, dont nous sommes repr&#233;sentants</li>

  <li>Avant de pr&#234;ter, on analyse la situation du quartier, y a-t-il d&#233;j&#224; un producteur dans le quartier? etc. - la personne est-elle honn&#234;te? on demande aux voisins! a-t-elle d&#233;j&#224; travaill&#233; dans la confection? a-t-elle des huissiers? etc. si les voisins &#233;mettent un mauvais avis, le commerce ne pourra pas fonctionner - l&#8217;aval du voisinage est notre <strong>nouveau pacte local</strong>&nbsp;!</li>

  <li>La carte de cr&#233;dit permet de financer les achats de la famille dans le quartier</li>

  <li><strong>Le c&#339;ur du syst&#232;me est notre propre monnaie = palmas</strong> - pour que la richesse reste dans le quartier (les grandes entreprises, elles, ne redistribuent jamais leurs richesses &#224; leurs clients !)</li>

  <li>Les commer&#231;ants du quartier ont fait un pacte : acheter avec la monnaie locale donne droit &#224; une r&#233;duction - 1 palmas = 1real - Les palmas ne servent qu&#8217;&#224; acheter et vendre = les cycles sont rapides, les palmas circulent - dans le quartier on peut tout acheter, l&#8217;eau, l&#8217;&#233;lectricit&#233;, etc.</li>

  <li>Les habitants peuvent demander un pr&#234;t en palmas, peuvent se faire payer en palmas</li>

  <li><strong>Plus il y a de palmas en circulation, plus l&#8217;&#233;conomie fonctionne dans le quartier</strong></li>

  <li>Nous faisons dans notre quartier notre propre production de v&#234;tements Palma Fashion - VALORISER LA CONSOMMATION LOCALE</li>

  <li>Nous avons d&#233;sormais notre Palmas Fashion Week!</li>
</ul>
<div class="image_block"><img src="http://blog.futurs.org/media/blogs/futursblog/BancoPalmas017.jpg" alt="" title="" width="450" height="300" /></div> 
<ul>
  <li>Palmas Cuir, Palmas chaussures, Palmas limpe (gamme de nettoyage), poulets, musique, &#233;cole - nous achetons les produits de nos entreprises, c&#8217;est notre force</li>

  <li>Une femme du forum s&#8217;est plainte parce qu&#8217;il n&#8217;y avait pas de bec verseur pour son produit de nettoyage, je lui ai dit, mis&#233;rable tu n&#8217;as qu&#8217;&#224; faire un trou dans le bouchon et tu l&#8217;as ton bec verseur! si tu n&#8217;ach&#232;tes pas chez nous, c&#8217;est toi-m&#234;me que tu voles!</li>

  <li>Notre nouveau projet, c&#8217;est notre <strong>FIB = Felicidad Interior Brut = calculer notre bonheur int&#233;rieur brut</strong></li>

</ul>


<h3>R&#233;ponses au questions du public</h3>
<ul>
  <li>nous sommes des r&#233;seaux locaux pour minimiser le probl&#232;me de l&#8217;&#233;chelle<br />
impact sur la violence, sur le contr&#244;le des politiques publiques</li>

  <li>pour monter une banque, 3 mois pour former l&#8217;institution et 6 mois pour former les gens = 9 mois</li>

  <li>la banque communautaire n&#8217;est pas une banque de micro-finance qui pr&#234;te et prend des int&#233;r&#234;ts, mais un syst&#232;me int&#233;gr&#233; de pr&#234;t gratuit pour alimenter un circuit vertueux de production et consommation locales</li>

  <li>la banque du br&#233;sil a accept&#233; nos r&#232;gles, et met &#224; notre disposition le logiciel qui nous permet de faire les contr&#244;les demand&#233;s - pour l&#8217;&#233;pargne, nous travaillons avec la banque du br&#233;sil</li>

  <li>travailler avec la banque du br&#233;sil n&#8217;est pas obligatoire, ce n&#8217;est pas dans notre ADN</li>

  <li>la banque centrale du br&#233;sil nous a attaqu&#233; 2 fois pour dire que notre monnaie &#233;tait ill&#233;gale - elle a aujourd&#8217;hui fait son auto-critique et cr&#233;e un cadre l&#233;gal pour d&#233;velopper l&#8217;initiative en tant que technologie sociale efficace</li>

  <li>nos difficult&#233;s: au d&#233;part les commer&#231;ants n&#8217;y croyaient pas, disaient que c&#8217;&#233;tait des faux, que le gvt allait les attaquer, etc. - la monnaie est en papier et elle se d&#233;chire</li>
</ul>
<p>Pour en savoir plus&nbsp;: <a href="http://www.banquepalmas.fr/IMG/pdf/Community_Banks_-_Microcredit_The_Case_of_Brazil_.pdf">la pr&#233;sentation en Portugais</a> (format PDF) de la pr&#233;sentation de Joaquim.</p>
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<div class="item_footer"><p><small><a href="http://blog.futurs.org/index.php/2010/01/11/joaquim-melo-missionnaire-activiste-banq">Original post</a> blogged on <a href="http://b2evolution.net/">b2evolution</a>.</small></p></div>]]></content:encoded>
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